Hidden and little known places: November 2016

An impressive underground network of tunnels and caves, curiously filled with vintage cars and forgotten World War II relics, lay forgotten under the ancient city of Naples.

One hundred and fifty meters from the large public square of Piazza del Plebiscito, in the center of Naples, Italy, an entry that descends to about thirty meters under the ground to "Bourbon Tunnel" , consisting of about 530 meters from giant passages, huge caves and narrow sewers. Built in the mid-nineteenth century, the tunnel was largely forgotten after the end of World War II, until its rediscovery in the 2000th.

It was the accidental rediscovery in 2005 – when government geologists were checking the conditions of some quarries beneath the Monte di Dio neighbourhood – of an impressive underground network of ancient passageways, curiously filled with vintage cars and forgotten World War II relics, 150m below the Piazza del Plebiscito.

Later, beginning in the 1930s, the tunnels were used as a warehouse for impounded and contraband vehicles since there was little available space in the tightly packed city. The passageways and cavernous chambers finally served as an air raid shelter during World War II, before being sealed off in the early 1950s to be forgotten.

In 2012, Tonino Persico, a 90-year-old survivor who remembered hiding down here during the war, contacted Neapolitan geologist Gianluca Minin, who was leading the excavation of the rest of the tunnels, to alert him to the existence of a bomb shelter below the Palazzo Serra di Cassano, a palace behind the Piazza del Plebiscito.

It took three years for Minin and his team to clean the area of debris, but in December 2015, the Galleria Borbonica museum launched the deeply affecting Via delle Memorie tour that commemorates the lives of those who sought refuge here.

The tunnel was designed as an escape from the royal palace, because at that time the King of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II of Bourbon, was extremely paranoid about being overthrown by the people of Sicily and Naples during the tumultuous Napoleonic period. Since 1816, there were three revolutions, and a very violent in 1848, when the revolutionaries took the kingdom for 16 months. After returning to power in 1849, Fernando II hastily drafted a new constitution and began making plans for a safe escape if the people returned to revolt.

The king had built an escape tunnel that was dug into the volcanic rock beneath the streets of Naples, using parts of the system of an existing aqueduct called Carmignano that the city had since the early 1600. The tunnel was supposed to connect the Royal Palace with military headquarters in what is now Via Morelli. But before it could becompleted, Ferdinand II died in 1859, and the tunnel was abandoned. Shortly thereafter, Sicily was invaded and joined the new Kingdom of Italy.

The tunnels remained unused until the early of 1930, when they became a warehouse for seized and smuggling vehicles. During World War II, the underground space became a military hospital and air raid shelter. After the war, the tunnels became a rubbish dump in wartime, which also construction debris, old appliances televisions, refrigerators, cars, destroyed motorcycles and marble pro-fascist statues accumulated.

Today day, these tunnels with their accumulated waste, have become a gallery called Galleria Borbonica, in which the audience can see interesting exhibits of old cars and old motorcycles, plus tanks and hundreds of ancient artifacts of war.

Sources:

http://ruta-33.blogspot.com/2016/10/tunel-de-borbon--italia.html

http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20161011-an-ancient-world-concealed-underground

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Beneath the city of Odessa, in Ukraine, there is an extensive network of tunnels, in what is believed to be the largest in the world system of catacombs. Largely unexplored and "scattered" randomly below the city, the huge maze of underground passages stretches over 2,500 kilometers. If the catacombs be presented in a straight line, the tunnels come to Paris. By the way, Paris is also the place where the second largest catacombs in the world, but Odessa is five times larger than Paris.

Entrance to the "Museum of partisan glory" in the Catacombs of Odessa. Image: goneva.net.ua

It is difficult to know the date on which the first catacomb in Odessa was excavated, but what is known is that greatly expanded from the late eighteenth century, when Catherine the Great ordered the construction of a new port city together Sea. An incredible amount of mining activity was carried out to extract limestone needed for the construction of the city. Tunnels were dug more than 30 meters deep, at three different levels. When the tunnels ran out oflimestone, they were dug new, and it was through this process by which an intricate network of tunnels began to take shape.

Up of a section of the catacombs of Odessa. Picture: Reddit

Mining continued throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century until the outbreak of the Russian Revolution of 1917. At that time, the mines fell into the hands of criminals and vagrants who started using the tunnels for meetings and smuggling goods. There was a time when these dark and dirty even tunnels were used by slave traders.

When the Nazis came to Odessa and began to massacre the population of the city, the catacombs served as a hideout for Soviet partisans. Hideouts were converted into comfortable spaces by guerrillas later. There were recreation rooms where men played checkers, chess or dominoes. The guestrooms were divided by shelves, sleeping on one side men and women on the other. The kitchens were equipped with stoves and smoke was vented into empty chambers. There was even a hospital and an operating room.

Some of the tunnels have been rebuilt today, allowing visitors to see the exact conditions in which supporters lived. In the "Museum of partisan glory" near Nerubayskoye, there is a kilometer - long section of catacombs with mannequins, costumes and weapons of World War II.

In this mysterious maze under the ground, there are more than a thousand known entrances leading to hidden caves where modern explorers routinely uncover ancient artifacts such as coins, tools, clothes, kitchen utensils and rifles of World War II among others.

Remember that enter the tunnels without a guide it is extremely dangerous. It is easy to enter the dark and never return.